Is Africa Overpopulated

Is Africa overpopulated? The answer by most measures is no. As of mid-2015, the continent as a whole had only 40 people per square mile. Asia, by comparison, had 142 people per square mile; Northern Europe had 60. Critics also point to the how many fewer resources Africas population consumes versus that of many Western countries and the United States in particular. Why then are so many organizations and governments worried about Africas growing population? Extremely Uneven Distribution As with so many things, one of the problems with discussions about Africa’s population problems is that people are citing facts about an incredibly diverse continent.  A 2010 study showed that 90% of Africa’s population was concentrated on 21% of the land. Much of that 90% are living in crowded urban cities and densely populated countries, like Rwanda, which has a population density of 471 people per square mile. The island countries of Mauritius and Mayotte are much higher than that with 627 and 640 respectively. This means that the other 10% of Africa’s population is spread across the remaining 79% of Africa’s land mass. Of course, not all of that 79% is suitable or desirable for habitation. The Sahara, for instance, covers millions of acres, and the lack of water and extreme temperatures makes the vast majority of it uninhabitable, which is part of why Western Sahara has two  people per square mile, and Libya and Mauritania have 4 people per square mile. In the southern part of the continent, Namibia and Botswana, which share the Kalahari desert, also have extremely low populations for their area. Low Rural Populations Even a low population might constitute overpopulation in a desert environment with scarce resources, but many of the people in Africa who are in areas of low population live in more moderate environments. These are the rural farmers, and their population density is very low as well. When the Zika  virus spread rapidly across South America and was linked to severe birth defects, many asked why the same effects had not already been noted in Africa, where the Zika virus had long been endemic. Researchers are still investigating the question, but one potential answer is that whereas the mosquito carrying it in South America preferred urban areas, the African mosquito vector was prevalent in rural areas. Even if the Zika virus in Africa had produced a significant rise in the birth defect microcephaly, it may have gone unnoticed in Africa’s rural districts because the low population density means that very few babies are born in these areas in comparison with South Americas populo us cities. Even a significant rise in the percent of children born in microcephaly in a rural area would produce too few cases to attract notice. Rapid Growth, Strained Infrastructures The real concern, though, is not Africas population densities, but the fact that it has the fastest growing population of the seven continents. In 2014, it had a population growth of 2.6%, and it has the highest percentage of people under 15 years (41%).    And this growth is most evident in those areas that are the most populated. The rapid growth strains African countries’ urban infrastructures – their transportation, housing, and public services - which in many cities are already underfunded and over-capacity. Climate Change   Another concern is the impact of this growth on resources. Africans do consume far fewer resources at present than Western countries, but development could change that. More to the point, Africas population growth and its reliance on agriculture and timber are compounding the enormous soil erosion problems facing many countries. Desertification and climate change are also forecasted to increase and they are compounding the food management issues created by urbanization and rapid population growth. In sum, Africa is not overpopulated, but it does have high population growth rates in comparison to other continents, and that growth is straining urban infrastructures and producing environmental problems that are compounded by climate change.   Sources Linard C, Gilbert M, Snow RW, Noor AM, Tatem AJ (2012) â€Å"Population Distribution, Settlement Patterns and Accessibility across Africa in 2010.† PLoS ONE 7(2): e31743. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031743

Hashimoto s Thyroiditis An Autoimmune Disorder Of The...

Michelle Henry Cheramie Trahan Biology 2402 November 27, 2016 Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis History of the Disease Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis is considered an autoimmune disorder of the thyroid, first discovered in 1912, by a Japanese doctor, Hakaru Hashimoto. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis disease is currently considered a genetically predisposed disorder caused by both environmental and endogenous conditions. Genetically predisposed Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, occurs more often in Caucasians over other ethnicities. Environmental factors that produce the autoimmune disorder are infections, disproportionate iodine intake, drugs, as well as chemical and radiation exposure, according to Syrenicz, Anhelli (2013) This paper will discuss the importance of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis disease, symptoms, Metabolic and Physiological effects, treatment options, and side effects associated with treatments. Dr. Hakaru Hashimoto identified four patients with similar characteristics such as: â€Å"diffuse lymphocytic infiltration, fibrosis, parenchymal atrophy, and eosinophil ic change in some of the acinar cells.† Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis often presents a painless yet enlarged thyroid gland, called a goiter. Hashimoto’s disease was often misdiagnosed and often found by either surgery or a thyroidectomy, according to Syrenicz, Anhelli (2013) Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis can also come as an attack on the thyroid via an autoimmune disorder. The immune system can attack the thyroid; however, no one knows exactly why thisShow MoreRelatedHashimoto’S Thyroiditis, Also Called Hashimoto’S Disease1411 Words   |  6 PagesHashimoto’s Thyroiditis, also called Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks the thyroid gland. It was named for the Japanese surgeon who discovered it in 1912 The thyroid is a small butterfly shaped gland in the front of the neck. The thyroid makes hormones called T3 and T4. These hormones regulate metabolism. The thyroid is controlled by hor mones of the pituitary gland, which is also called the â€Å"master gland.† It is a pea-sized gland located in theRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Autoimmune Diseases834 Words   |  4 PagesClassification of autoimmune diseases Autoimmune diseases are caused by auto-antibodies, according to auto-antibodies can be divided into: organ-specific, which affects one organ; non-organ specific, which are a multisystem disease. 2.1. Organ-specific 2.1.1. Autoimmune thyroid diseases They are a common cause of thyroid disorders and it is caused by auto-antibodies against the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSH), intracytoplasmic antigen or thyroglobulin. 2.1.1.1.Grave s disease Grave s diseaseRead MoreStarting At The Age Of Seven, I Can Distinctly Remember1525 Words   |  7 PagesStarting at the age of seven, I can distinctly remember hearing the constant worry and concern of my mother s voice while looking at the bulging goiter in my neck. Due to this concern, I was placed in the hospital while battling intense throat pain and confusion. Through various lab works and examinations my doctor ruled out that I have Hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is of such high interest to me due to the fact that I will be living with this disease for the rest of my life. 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From the patients files, the concomitant disease presence or absence was also recorded; especially with reference thyroid function. The important investigations as prescribed by the physician were also recorded. patient’s serum level o f T4, T3, FT4, FT3 and TSH were measured for 748 patients. The venous blood samples were taken from all the subjects in the morning afterRead MoreHypothyroidism : Understanding Thyroid Function And Treatment Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pages Hypothyroidism: Understanding Thyroid Function and Treatment Nicollette Ames Blackhawk Technical College Hypothyroidism The history of hypothyroidism dates way back to the 1800s; seeing the symptoms in patients, even before the disease was able to be diagnosed. Later realizing that many of the cases of cretinism, later called hypothyroidism, were largely associated with the lack in function of the thyroid. Today, also realizing that there is not only internal factors that influenceRead MoreClinical Manifestations Of Hiv Infections1545 Words   |  7 Pagesmentioned. Past medical history should include recurrent infections, blood transfusions, or use of blood products, chronic illnesses, tuberculosis, hepatitis, sexually transmitted infections, and autoimmune disorders. Family history of malignancy, anemia, recent infectious disease, tuberculosis, immune disorders, or hemophilia. Personal and social history include travel places, use of illicit drugs (intravenous and injections), and sexual history. Sexual history should include important risk factors for

Strategic Management Tourism Industry Porter Five Forces

Introduction The model of the Five Competitive Forces was developed by Michael E. Porter in his book Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors in 1980. Since that time it has become an important tool for analyzing an organizations industry structure in strategic processes. Porter’s model is based on the insight that a corporate strategy should meet the opportunities and threats in the organizations external environment. Especially, competitive strategy should base on and understanding of industry structures and the way they change. Porter has identified five competitive forces that shape every industry and every market. These forces determine the intensity of competition and hence the profitability and†¦show more content†¦Hence, if vital resources are unavailable or very costly, entry will clearly be constrained, as well as this airport slots provide a classic resource barrier to entry. In some industries, there are very substantial costs associated with switching from one supplier to another. Airline fleet planning illustrates this point. An airline only using, for example, Boeing aircraft will have built up a large investment in Boeing spare parts, Boeing orientated flight simulators, and in the training of its staff to be familiar with Boeing products. Therefore there will be a strong financial incentive to continue to buy from Boeing. In the event of the Airbus to break the stranglehold of Boeing at such an airline, they will have to offer very large discounts on the purchase price of their aircraft, in order to effectively pay themselves for the Switching Costs of moving away from Boeing. Incentives and substantial amounts of pilot training would be best case scenario. The problem for airlines is that they do not have the Switching Cost protection which assists aircraft manufacturers in retaining their customer base. 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SWOT Analysis..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. | 446 | 2.2. IMMEDIATE ENVIRONMENT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2.2.1. Threat of Entry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2.2.2. Power of Suppliers†¦.Read MoreA Swot Analysis And Porter s Five Forces Model Of Industry Competition1535 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The casino industry is very important within the USA because of its size and the amount of yearly revenue it produces. Statistically, in 2009 alone, the industry alone produced approximately 30.74 billion. Also, the casino industry provides multiple job opportunities and helps build attractive places that encourage tourism, and bring revenue to states in different ways. However, this industry is currently facing multiple challenges due to competition among casinos, the construction of

Talent Management †a Buzzword in Corporate Hr Today free essay sample

Not surprising to know, 60-70% of the Indian CEOs spend their time in strategising talent recruitment and retention (according to a BTI study). The next obvious question that our mind poses is â€Å"Why? † The scope of corporate HR has much widened since the 1990s, from the mundane activities of just hiring and paying the workmen, to the ‘strategic HR’ activities like training the recruitees as well. Restructuring the organisation (e. g. , some companies moved from centralised to decentralised organisational structure) has led to the restructuring of the job roles and concentrating on compensation management too, with equal importance. The learning management systems to manage the learning and keeping track of competency paths of all the employees in the organisation is one such advancement, typical to the strategic HR function, alongwith the Applicant Tracking System, and Compensation system in the list. Having entered an intriguing area as this, the question that pricks is â€Å"Are we still in the strategic HR function days? † Today the recruiters are not bothered on how to acquire talent; they are bothered to make a cost effective and more efficient ‘competency based recruitment system’. We will write a custom essay sample on Talent Management – a Buzzword in Corporate Hr Today or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Acquiring talent is easier today than retaining the talent. Today the Learning and Development department is not bothered on how to train the employees; they are bothered about filling the competency needs of their employees for the future needs as well, in addition to the present. The CEOs are concerned about succession planning and finding ways to hone and up-bring the existing talent pool, laying greener pastures for the organisation tomorrow. Thus we own all rights to say that today we are in the â€Å"Talent Management era† and that strategic management perspective has just become old. HR function has moved all the way from a ‘Business function’ to ‘Business partner’, to what is called ‘Business integration’ today. Process improvements for efficiency and effectiveness, competency management, performance management, and succession planning top the priority list of activities in organisations in this era. Effectiveness and efficiency comes only when we have appropriate talent pool at place, hence managing the talent is becoming very vital activity. Walking on the paths of Mr. Jack Welch, to be #1 or #2 in the industry, every organisation is trying to knock out the other in every aspect from ‘product’ to ‘people’. Competition has increased tremendously and hence the demand for right talent! The industry has thus turned a hot cake for employees, where they have numerous avenues to go (unlike in the past), if they do not receive the â€Å"asset like treatment† in the existing organisation. It has become two- sided, wherein the employee is benefitted in terms of â€Å"growth in career and competencies† and the organisation gets his services in return. If not taken care of appropriately, then he walks out. Talent retention is thus, one very important motive of talent management, apart from the core objective of taming the talent for surviving in the industry. Last but not the unimportant, in today’s context the organisations brand image goes the way it treats and nurtures its people. From the business perspective, its seems apt to conclude with what Mr. Tufan Ghosh, the CEO of Columbia Asia Hospitals, says – â€Å"If you do not get your people right, chances are you wont get anything else right†!